•Not all authors use SYNTAX every time they write.
•An author’s style is created by the words he or she chooses, not by the way those words are arranged.
•The following is an example of slang: “Hi, how are you doing?”
•When discussing the TONE of a written text, one must always consider the SUBJECT of that text.
•A text with a particular slant is going to include both positive and negative details, facts, assertions about a subject; however, SLANT means that either the positive or negative will be emphasized MORE than the other.
Classwork: Vocab quiz on words from practice AP test, discussed "Fire and Ice" and "Why Don't We Complain", took notes on the Toulmin model of argument
The Toulmin model asserts that most arguments consist of the following 6 parts:
We can also identify 3 other important parts of an argument
Assumptions Counter-examples Implications
Counter-arguments
The Toulmin Model
- Claim: the position or claim being argued for; the conclusion of the argument.
- Grounds: reasons or supporting evidence that bolster the claim.
- Warrant: the principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim.
- Backing: support, justification, reasons to back up the warrant.
- Rebuttal/Reservation: exceptions to the claim; description and rebuttal of counter-examples and counter-arguments.
- Qualification: specification of limits to claim, warrant and backing. The degree of conditionality asserted.
Warrants/General Strategies of Argument
Warrants are chains of reasoning that connect the claim and evidence/reason. A warrant is the principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim. Warrants operate at a higher level of generality than a claim or reason, and they are not normally explicit.
Homework: Carefully read LOC pg 259. Consider all the questions on the page, and then choose 1, 2, or 3 of them to write about in an essay that is at least 1 page long.
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